The Wheel of Time - Act 3 - Books 10-14

Treating The Wheel of Time as one long novel, the books Crossroads of Twilight, Knife of Dreams, The Gathering Storm, Towers of Midnight, and A Memory of Light make up the third and final act. The beginning and end of the story are bookends, what shows up in one should be resolved in the other. As of this writing, I have yet to acquire A Memory of Light, but the concept of the story’s end is simple to guess at.  

Rand was told he must save the world, which he grows determined to do despite what the world may have to say on the matter. He tries repeatedly to force people to act as he thinks they should, eventually using the Dark One’s own seductive True Power to exert his will on them. The end justifies his means, a philosophy once espoused by Mordeth, who viewed any cost as worth paying to be rid of the Shadow. Rand finds that even unbelievable achievements such as cleansing saidin earn him little gratitude or respect, pushing him further down a path where he seeks to validate his accomplishments and soothe his ego.

Other characters face their own intense desires and duties, each of them successfully fending off thoughts of absolute adherence to some objective at any cost. Each of them finds a balance, weighing the need versus the cost, never entirely certain how hard each objective must be strived for, yet willing to stand for their values at great personal cost. They all learn that only they can find the balance, and when they do they become free and powerful.

Rand’s balance is much harder to achieve, coming only after he has nearly abandoned his humanity in a misguided attempt to protect his loved ones. He callously murders and rationalizes his actions, and even Nynaeve, the stand-in for his conscience, considers that he may be right. Only when faced with his father, does he relent and reflect upon his actions as he holds the power to end the Pattern.  Rand realizes that the Pattern allows people a second chance to correct their mistakes, and that strength comes from fostering relationships, not cutting them off. Rand has finally overcome the delusion that he has to face his destiny alone, a falsehood perpetrated on him by Lan, who has now come to the same realization.

From the early books the characters used their formidable force of will to overcome obstacles, and after fumbling about for a while, they finally know when and how to use it. The heroes have acquired followers in the thousands, and have learned how to lead them after stumbling a few times. They no longer require mentors, having earned equality and rank equal to those who used to guide them. The greatest foes they faced, gholam, Forsaken, otherworldly creatures, have all fallen before them. The heroes are adults, full-fledged members of their community, and have attained the pinnacle of their power and influence, and have learned how to use them well, just in time for the challenge of their young lives.

Almost every character has entered into a romantic relationship, many choosing to be bonded as well. Battles showing large circles of bonded men and women have not yet appeared, but promise to reveal the full glory and importance of male-female relationships, drawing on the power of creation to defeat the forces of the Shadow.

Every book in Act 1 ended with a battle in Tel’aran’rhiod. The last book should also end in Tel’aran’rhiod. Lanfear freed the Dark One and is especially knowledgeable about Tel’aran’rhiod. She was last seen begging to be saved from the Dark One, opening the door for her to fulfill her role and have her sins redeemed by the Dragon. The rules governing Tel’aran’rhiod have at last been explained, almost in full, allowing the final confrontation to take place there.

The last final message Rand leaves should fit the themes running throughout the story: man needs guidance but has to be trusted to stand and act on his own; choices and attitude dictate who you are, no one can impose identity on you; it is wrong to impose your will on someone else; standing for and against what you cherish most is worth dying for; no philosophy should be adhered to absolutely.

Following the earlier comparisons of the series to American History, this final act covers the modern era, when world-changing events demand absolute commitment to fighting the enemy, and a grudging realization that the cost of rigid adherence to winning battles may cost the war. The Wheel of Time’s characters find a different path, one that balances on a razor’s edge, one that questions the value of conflict and the identity of the enemy and proposes a different solution. Rand will face the very nature of evil, and learn that it is often within oneself.  

The Seanchan’s role as foreign invaders with a strange culture and vastly different treatment of some residents has its modern parallel. How can the heroes make peace with these aggressive people and get them to join the fight against the true enemy? The myth of the self-made man, the lone cowboy, is laid to rest and replaced with a multicultural community-minded set of values, wherein each person stands alone, in exactly the way they want, every difference laid bare and celebrated, and despite the differences is accepted and supported by the community.

Brandon Sanderson weaves the tale he took over with great skill, preserving the thematic elements and essence of the characters. His writing style is more direct than Robert Jordan’s, uses modern language, and short choppy chapter breaks which increase the pace of the story, and act as a structural version of the breakdown of the Pattern affecting the world. Like several of his characters, Robert Jordan had to delegate his life’s work to the next generation, living the very scenarios he wrote about, entrusting loved ones to carry on with his duty. Life didn’t imitate art so much as Jordan wrote about the essence of life and purpose of existence so well.

Writing Lessons:

Know your story’s message and themes.

Towers of Midnight - Chapters 3-5

In this section, the penultimate confrontation is set up

Rand visits the White Tower, and sets a date for the beginning of the Last Battle. Establishing a firm time and date for an important action to be carried out has some benefits and drawbacks. It solidifies readers’ expectations more forcefully than simply laying out the order of future events. The obvious way to introduce tension is to throw off the date with some external pressure. In this case, Egwene’s reservations act as that pressure. By cementing her opposition to breaking the seals, there is an expectation that her opposition is the main pressure, and other possible ways of derailing the meeting between her and Rand in a month will not take place. Possible examples could have been Rand failing to show up, or the seals going missing, or some distraction such as the Black Tower throwing the schedule off. By making clear Egwene’s opposition to Rand’s plan, readers are more likely to believe that the plan will be carried out exactly as described. There’s some evidence this technique was successful based on the focus on the meeting at Merrilor in the numerous theories bounced around Theoryland in the last year.

From here on, Rand’s perspectives stop showing up, and we only see other characters’ perspective of Rand, which effectively keeps the details of his plan mysterious.  

Egwene’s dreams are prophetic, and the one touching on the book’s title, Towers of Midnight, is obviously describing the Forsaken. Thirteen towers stand, several crumble, one begins to fall, then rises higher than the others, the Nae’blis. In the end, six stand, representing Demandred, Graendal, Moridin, Cyndane, Moghedien, and Mesaana.

The Pattern is being reworked even further, with entire villages now being cut from their location and pasted elsewhere. Is this symbolic of Rand’s personalities and past lives being integrated into one? It will certainly pose some difficulties for battle and travel later, when existing maps are no longer useful and there is no certainty about the path forward.

Perrin and Galad continue to share chapters, and a link between the plotlines is established when Byar tells Galad about Perrin’s past actions involving the Children of the Light. Byar’s biased view of Perrin acts as an effective dread inducing element, which the reader hopes will be overcome by Galad’s unswerving desire to do the right thing. Galad is a mirror image to Mordeth, each uncaring of the cost to others when they take actions to prevent their own moral discomfort.

Perrin agrees to learn how to navigate the wolf dream properly. His motivations are nebulous, resting on his discomfort with Faile since her rescue, his need to learn the tools at his disposal, his avoidance of the darker sides of his personality. These fuzzy rationales are easily overlooked by readers because of relief that they will finally learn more about this interesting ability. Let’s just get on with the wolfing already!

Egwene has become too powerful, and has a position where none question her authority, so she has a new weakness introduced in the form of her love for Gawyn. Actions she takes to pursue romance can undermine her authority, and actions to maintain her authority could cost her a romantic relationship. Take away Gawyn, and Egwene becomes a purely political entity. Using Gawyn to keep Egwene rooted in normal relationships is a good concept, particularly as it centers on them feeling out how to interact with each other given the imbalance in their rank.

Graendal reads the Dark Prophecies, and is amazed, as are readers. There is an entire book of Foretellings which only the villains have access to. Moridin also has a collection of ter’angreal which he has disregards for the most part since he has the True Power as a crutch. I could never help imagining a storyline in A Memory of Light where the heroes raid Moridin’s base. A direct confrontation between a handful of heroes and a handful of Forsaken is very appealing.

A ter’angreal, the dreamspike, is introduced. Graendal is given one, and another is already in use. Out of all the items Moridin has collected, and Graendal’s elation at being loaned this one, readers ought to be salivating at the prospect of finding out what it does. The advertised confrontation between Perrin and Graendal appears dire, since she has the element of surprise and he cannot muster enough channelers to confront her directly. Good thing she is so cautious.

Writing Lessons:

Make an event more anticipated by creating expectations of the consequences to that event.

The Wheel of Time - Act 1 - Books 1-3

Treating The Wheel of Time as one long novel, the books The Eye of the World, The Great Hunt, and The Dragon Reborn make up the first act. The groundwork is laid for the series concept as a whole, and all of the most important thematic elements are introduced. The beginning and end of the story are bookends, what shows up in one should be resolved in the other. So what are those elements that we can expect to see in the final act and the final volume A Memory of Light?

The first act is where Rand is told he must save the world, which is reportedly the idea that got the series started in the author’s mind. By the end of the first act, Rand accepts that this is true, and he is the saviour of mankind. The second act will be his struggle to convince others that he is the saviour, and the final act will be where the world saving takes place.

I’ve mentioned several times that self-awareness and force of will are defining characteristics of the heroes. In the most recent books Rand is using his force of will to make it to the Last Battle in a way that is counter-productive, becoming almost as bad as the force he is trying to defeat, running headlong down the path that Mordeth took, leading to the destruction of Aridhol. Mordeth’s drive and desire to root out evil was described early in the series, because that destructive single-mindedness is the major pitfall Rand has to overcome. As a saviour figure drawn from Christian religion, forgiveness and acceptance are the character traits that are supposed to save mankind from its sins, and those are the characteristics Rand must embrace before he shares Mordeth’s fate, and humanity suffers Aridhol’s.

Seven of the original characters are defined by their willpower: Rand, Perrin, Mat, Egwene, Nynaeve, Lan, Moiraine. Each of them has a drive to accomplish their goals that far exceeds that of the characters around them. Lan’s influence has been detrimental to Rand, as it has introduced him to the myth of the lone warrior fighting an impossible war, a myth which Rand is eager to star in. Readers are told several times that Lan will die alone in the Blight if he carries on this way, but he looks forward to that romantic death. A similar fate awaits Rand if he follows Lan’s footsteps, yet Ba’alzamon has laid just such a path before Rand.

Ba’alzamon, as the force of doubt, undermines Rand’s trust in others, making him think he has to do battle alone. Rand’s friends seek to support him, but his chivalric view that people must be saved in spite of their own wishes will make him dismiss their help over time. Ultimately, defeating Ba’alzamon requires rejecting the ideas he represents. Rand will have to realize that all humanity will be fighting the battle, and it will be a battle of ideas and willpower, not of bloodletting. Individually, no one can stand against the Dark One, but collectively, humanity can reject the selfishness he represents and stand united.

None of that is any good against Trolloc hordes, but there is one place in which ideas and force of will can fight battles: tel’aran’rhiod, the World of Dreams. Here, ideas are given strength. The idea that the world can rally around is that there is a person who can defeat the Dark One, a Dragon, and in tel’aran’rhiod you can lend strength to the Dragon by believing in him. If one person can alter reality by thinking it, how much more powerful would it be if a group of people collectively will it to be real in tel’aran’rhiod? But first, he has to believe in himself, which point he has reached at the end of Act 1.

Every book in Act 1 ended with a battle in tel’aran’rhiod. The last book should also end in tel’aran’rhiod. The Pandora/Eve who freed the Dark One is especially knowledgeable about tel’aran’rhiod. She was encountered early in the story, therefore she should have a role to play at the end of it. Her sins must be redeemed by the Dragon if the story is to follow western religious myths. Dreams and willpower are the common link between several important characters and plot elements.

Each book so far also has a magic object used in the final battle: the Eye of the World, The Horn of Valere, and Callandor. This practice should generally continue, but for the final book, it should be a magic object introduced much earlier than in that book. Tel’aran’rhiod itself qualifies, even if it isn’t an object, but an environment.

This series should rightly be classified as American Fantasy, as it incorporates several important historical and mythic elements from that culture. The Seanchan’s role as invaders from across the sea who require absolute devotion to their ruler evokes the War of American Independence. The slavery that the Seanchan built their empire on speaks to themes from the American Civil War. The myth of the self-made man, the lone cowboy, is one that permeates American culture and the egos of Rand and Lan. Despite the many other mythic influences of far older cultures, American Mythology also stands out prominently.  

The Great Hunt - Chapters 31-34

In this section, Rand regains his allies, and they track the Horn to an impassable obstacle.

The heroes and villains have had the Horn twice each. The back and forth skirmishes in which the Horn is taken and lost leave a strong impression of struggle, which can’t be achieved as easily in a straightforward journey quest, like in The Eye of the World. Each time the Horn changes hands is a natural turning point in the story. The arrival of Rand’s friends just after he loses the Horn makes the loss even more poignant, but also introduces hope into that bleak situation.

Rand’s first instinct is to tell Mat about the dagger, and place the Horn second. Lanfear does not like this situation, and finds even less to like as she secretly observes Rand proclaiming his lack of greatness, saying his heart is Egwene’s, burning Selene’s letters. The flames are fanned by a sudden roar of wind, indicating Lanfear’s unhappiness. Only the scent of her perfume indicates her presence. Many novice writers leave out the sense of taste and smell. In this instance, where other senses cannot detect her, smells not only round out the description, they are an essential clue as to what is taking place without having to resort to a new point of view, or an omniscient one.

The description of Perrin’s abilities relies heavily on both taste and smell. Placing these ahead of sight and touch is a simple way to show the difference in culture between men and wolves, giving a feeling of alienness while remaining rooted in the familiar. Even wolves have prophecies, or at least they recognize a Dragon when they smell one.

Verin proves to be freer with information than Moiraine was, but is considered no more trustworthy for it, simply an extension of Moiraine. The seeds of mistrust towards Aes Sedai sowed by Ba’alzamon in the The Eye of the World are sprouting. How much of Ba’alzamon’s plan was designed not to turn Rand, but to create discord between him and any potential allies, to keep any united opposition from forming?

Rand plunges headfirst into Daes Dae’mar, little knowing how any word uttered by a ta’veren in this situation sends ripples through the Pattern. The recent uptick in the seriousness of the Great Game seems Pattern spawned to let Rand affect the maximum number of people in his short time in Cairhien. After less than a week, the heads of the two most powerful houses are dead, one at Thom’s vengeful hands, the other at Lanfear’s. She should not be scorned. Why did she kill Barthanes, a known Darkfriend? Likely because he allowed the Horn and dagger to escape, items which she realizes are the best goads to push Rand where she wants.

Fain’s escape to Toman Head still needs explaining, which even Verin cannot provide. Fain didn’t know much about the Seanchan until he reached Toman Head, so how did he decide to go there? Did he write the Dark prophecy? Can he see the future with Mordeth’s powers? Mordeth is the simplest explanation, even if the reader has been given little indication it’s within his power. It is still unclear which villain is pulling strings, and at which point of the story. In general, Ba’alzamon’s master plan is to establish a Seanchan foothold on the mainland, and get the Horn of Valere into the Blight. Fain, rescued because he may have further use, has found Power and desire to break free of the Dark, while he maintains a terrible link to Rand that he wants to sever. Lanfear is acting mostly independently of Ba’alzamon, trying to seduce Rand, and probably not minding if Ba’alzamon’s plans go awry, since the Forsaken are in stiff competition with each other.  

Rand finally uses saidin, to combat Machin Shin, which could not be defeated any other way. Rand’s instinctive use of how to use the One Power in situations like this is still odd.  Saidin still fills Rand with vitality and raw power, but there is added focus on the taint, which leaves unpleasant sensations long after he has released saidin.

Getting to Toman Head seems almost impossible without the Ways, and even if they find a shortcut that lets Mat survive long enough to get the dagger, the Seanchan they will meet when they get there seem insurmountable. This is the part of the book when it looks more and more like all is lost.

Writing Lessons:

Use descriptions of all five senses to make your world come alive. Using them in unusual ways can create unique effects.

The Great Hunt – Prologue to Chapter 3

In this section, Rand has attracted the attention of powerful enemies. The cast of characters and the plot elements are revealed.

The threat from powerful enemies is aimed primarily at Rand, and tangentially includes his friends Mat and Perrin. Ba’alzamon has healed from his incineration at Rand’s hands. Wounds taken in the World of Dreams are inflicted on you when you wake up. Rand has repaid the scratches he received from their encounters a millionfold. Somehow Ba’alzamon escaped the World of Dreams before he could be killed. With clear indications that Darkfriends and Forsaken would pounce on any weakness detected in their fellows, Ba’alzamon must have found some way to heal himself that didn’t involve letting a Forsaken lay hands on him. Ouch!

Despite the raw burns still creasing his flesh, Ba’alzamon’s patience seems infinite. He lays out plans for his acolytes to direct the Dragon where he wants. Killing the Dragon is not the objective; he still wants to turn him. Having failed with direct intimidation, it looks like leverage is needed to make the Dragon bend knee.

Bors, a Questioner for the Children of the Light, is ordered to continue with his day job, to watch for the three young men, and to prevent word of the new arrivals on Toman Head from spreading. It’s all vague, so the reader is left pondering the mystery of what is happening there. The expectation is created that this secret will be revealed, and that it is related to the plan to turn the Dragon. Bors receives his most important orders in the form of Compulsion, a series of commands to be carried out only if certain circumstances arise. Orders too important for him to consciously know, and potentially reveal. Among them, let himself be killed if he meets a wolf, do not interfere with the Woman in White, if he encounters the Seanchan, they will know he is pledged to the Dark One, and will leave him be.

A more immediate threat comes from the Aes Sedai who may try to gentle Rand. The arrival of the most powerful person in the world, the Amyrlin Seat, results in Rand becoming trapped within the walls of Fal Dara.  Realizing he may be in danger, he distances himself from his friends, demonstrating his willingness to make sacrifices to keep them safe. The willingness to care for others, not simply protect them, could be the most important of the Dragon’s traits. His propensity to try overcome obstacles on his own may prove to be his greatest flaw.

In particular, the reader learns of Rand’s affection for Egwene. While he is uncertain of how to proceed, his enemies seem likely to try to exploit this relationship. I’ll keep an eye open for hints that later events are based on attempts to do exactly that.

While Moiraine has left Rand alone to his great annoyance, Lan has filled the void and taken him under his wing, perhaps sensing a kindred spirit after their successful adventure in the Blight. Mat and Perrin’s unusual circumstances are also summarized in a concise paragraph for each. In fact, where The Eye of the World dribbled information out sparingly, this book dumps the known facts about characters, history and the One Power on the reader in haste, eager to get on with the tale.

The last major character, Padan Fain, unworriedly reveals clues to Rand about the secret he’s been keeping. He says Mordeth knows more than all of them. Is it true? Mordeth should be able to sense Shadowspawn, such as those outside the city walls coming to free him. He can sense the three Two Rivers men. He has conferred with Ba’alzamon. He was able to open the Waygate in Caemlyn with Mordeth’s knowledge. He knows a lot. I’ll watch for things he knows that can’t easily be explained with the resources we know he has at his disposal. Sensing Aes Sedai or the One Power may be among those, but that could be part of Ba’alzamon’s distilling of the Dragon’s essence, knowing that he is likely to be able to use the One Power.

The wind blowing out of the Blight exposed Rand to some danger during the swordplay training. The wind carries an odor, while Rand has an image of an ‘old grave fresh opened’. Soon after, making his way through the yard, his skin prickles, the odor returns, he hears sly laughter, and unseen eyes follow him. The image is a description that does more than describe what Rand smells; it tells us what has happened. An ancient grave has just been opened, and the Forsaken walk the world again. Fearless, Lanfear has already begun stalking Rand.

Almost all of the character motivations and important plot elements have been shown. The adventure is starting up quickly.

Writing Lessons:

When presenting information that is crucial for the reader to know, present it concisely so it is well understood. Be less blunt for information the reader should be left wondering about.

The Eye of the World - Chapters 16-19

In this section the heroes learn about the evil in the idea of the end justifying the means.

Nynaeve, renowned for berating people until they see things her way, makes her surprise entrance. Having established her typical behavior in early Emond’s Field scenes, the two pages through which the boys, and even Thom, worry about what she will do build up the tension quite well. It turns out that Nynaeve has taken matters into her own hands, doing what must be done instead of waiting for permission. She ignores those she can’t browbeat. Getting the boys and Egwene back takes precedence over the wishes of the Village Council or the Women’s Circle. It’s a mild case compared to Moiraine who earlier said that she would destroy the boys before she let the Dark One get his hands on them.

The Children of the Light also demonstrate that they are willing to do what must be done to stop the spread of the Dark. Stopping Darkfriends takes precedence over the wishes of the Governor of Baerlon or its citizens. Torture of any who oppose their views is condoned, perhaps even encouraged.

Finally, Moiraine relates the sad tale of Shadar Logoth. The city’s top advisor Mordeth also knew that defeating the Shadow was more important than staying true to the Light, and was so committed to that inflexible philosophy that it destroyed itself in the process.

From these disparate examples it’s not immediately obvious that we’ve been shown more and more extreme adherence to philosophy of the ends justifying the means. I think if it’s important enough to appear in the early parts of the story, it’s important enough to matter to the end of the story. Rand’s own journey through the series will somewhat mirror these examples, as he edges closer and closer to the most extreme view of all.

Funny that out of all these people, Nynaeve turns out to be the most flexible. I guess that’s why she’s on the Light side.

I note that dancing at the Stag and Lion is the last time these Heroes are all in the same room, bonding instead of bickering. Have they forged strong enough bonds to get them through the Last Battle? Will Rand be able to apologize to Egwene again? It was hard enough this time. Will Egwene be able to forgive Rand again?

It is obvious from the behavior of the Fade and Trollocs, and their catchpoles and hooks, that the intent is to capture the Boys, not kill them. Ba’alzamon wants them to serve the Dark One. Moiraine is beginning to understand what she might be up against as she speculates about where the extra Trolloc fists came from, and what is driving the Fades inside Shadar Logoth. The reader lacks knowledge of how it’s being done, but the fact that Moiraine herself can’t figure it out is a tension-raiser.

Knowing where Moiraine is ranked among Aes Sedai from our reading of New Spring, it’s interesting to note how much, or how little it takes before she reaches her limit. Some of those Aes Sedai must be pretty weak. I guess if you only need one weave of Shielding or Wrapping in Air, you don’t need to be strong.

As with the discussion of evil above, building on examples can be used in simpler ways as well. Observe my lightly paraphrased descriptions of swords and cloaks through this section.

Ch 17. The only mind Lan paid his cloak was to keep it clear of his sword-arm.

Ch 18. Lan unconsciously pushed back his cloak to clear his sword.

Ch 19. Rand struggled for his sword, fighting his cloak, which had become wrapped around the hilt.

We have two examples of competency placed close before an exciting moment in which Rand demonstrates his lack of competency. If the two prior examples had not been included, Rand’s moment of panic as Mordeth closes in and his sword can’t be drawn might seem like random bad fortune. By including the two examples of Lan managing his cloak and sword the right way, Rand’s predicament is no longer one that is due to luck, but to his own character.

Writing Lessons:

Why use one example when three will do even better? Let your examples make the point and reveal character as well.